Module 1
Key Differences at a Glance
QI vs. Research Comparison
| Dimension | Quality Improvement | Research |
|---|---|---|
Purpose |
Tests or implements changes to improve local systems and processes |
Builds new, generalizable knowledge for broader application |
Approach |
Puts evidence-based practices into action and measures whether they work in your setting |
Develops new theories or compares interventions for broader applicability |
Oversight |
Typically does not require IRB — but always check your institution’s policy |
Usually requires IRB approval and informed consent |
Dissemination |
QI projects can and should be published and shared so others can learn from your experience |
Results contribute to the broader scientific literature |
Timeline |
Rapid-cycle testing (days to weeks per PDSA cycle) |
Longer study periods with defined enrollment and follow-up |
Generalizability |
Focused on local context — what works here, for our patients |
Designed to produce findings applicable to other settings |
Data Use |
Data used for real-time improvement and learning |
Data used for hypothesis testing and statistical analysis |
⚠️ Keep in Mind
Always check your institution’s policies regarding IRB approval. The line between QI and research can sometimes be unclear, especially when projects are designed to generate publishable findings, when interventions are novel, or when data will be shared externally. When in doubt, consult your IRB or research compliance office early — they can help you determine whether your project meets the definition of research and what review, if any, is needed.